Working on My Scholarship Essay :: Scholarship Essays

Working on My  Scholarship Essay   That fateful night I stayed up too late working on a scholarship essay.  Worked up into a frenzy with all this stemwork, I faded in and out of the work I was doing.  I stopped for a a couple of(prenominal) minutes to rest my eyes and upon opening them I gazed into a face crowned by a laurel-leaf and wore philosophers robes.        What doest thou? he asked in a thick Italian voice.       I could not accept it.  Who was this man who entered my room unannounced and demanded from me what I do?        What doest thou? he asked again, more forcefully.       I...Im writing a paper for a scholarship, sir.  I added sir unintentionally.       What needest thou with this scholarship application?       I have two brothers who are going to college, one of whom will be returning to UTD succeeding(a) year to continue his education, and the other will be attending medical school.       Aye, but what need hast thou for scholarship?  He rolled the words in a soft Florentine accent.       My brother who will be attending medical school will be living on campus and the expense of room and shape up along with tuition and the tuition of my other brother attending UTD puts a great strain on our family.  I really need this scholarship.              Tis true, I believe it.  But for what purpose needest thou this scholarship?       Well, I said a bit unnerved at this intruding interrogator, I hope to receive a masters degree in Commercial Art and I hope to join an advertising or design company.       Aye, but what other duties hast thou out of doors of education?       To begin with, every two weeks I feed the homeless with my church .  We pack lunches for them and, rain or shine, we hand out the food and water.

Aristotelian Rhetoric: Progression of Sophists Nascent Teachings Essay

Scholars and historians of blandishment consider the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, one of the keen contributors to our gift understanding of this artistry which, since its early on origins and until present, has been a controversial field of study because of its association with persuasion and influence. However, readings of the umteen ancient and contemporary texts and analyses of the origins and the developments of this ancient art marginalized the map of the Sophists, who were the first to introduce grandiloquence to Greece, and usually associated them with the bad reputation rhetoric has acquired over the years. Undoubtedly, Aristotle developed rhetoric in a more comprehensive and systemized exposition than what the Sophists offered, but an examination of how this great philosopher reached his findings, and what elements formed his theory on rhetoric points out that the Sophists, who initiated this art, deserve a re-evaluation of their role and an explanation of their un ethical perspectives. In this essay, I consider the Aristotelian rhetoric to be a progression of the Sophists nascent teachings in rhetoric. Arguably, the disdained Sophists introduced a novel field of study that constituted a dwelling for Aristotles theory. My argument is found on a chronological reading of the origins and development of rhetoric and recent studies on the Sophists and their discredited achievements almost since the great philosopher, Plato, present his battle against them. I as well regard the platonic versus sophistic approach to the definition of rhetoric, its goals and purposes, and its relation with the public as consequential factors of development of this art. Accordingly, I borrow that this rivaling situation could not let existed without the sophisti... ...es concern of ethos was closely related with what he considered abuses of previous orators, including the sophists, who exaggerated the use of ethos and gave rhetoric a bad take in (p. 89). Howeve r, Allen (1994) had another interpretation Aristotle infuse(d) ethos with a strong recognition of kairos the speakeradjusts his/her character to fit the moment, in order to establish a sense identification of credibility as a outgrowth of the community (p. 7).Aristotle is undoubtedly a great philosopher whose contributions in many fields, including rhetoric, constitute a foundation of our modern education and research. However, many scholars suggested that his theory was an evolution of a preliminary sophistic rhetoric that developed through the years by a group of travelling teachers who formed this art and played a major role in reinforcing democracy in Greece. Aristotelian Rhetoric Progression of Sophists Nascent Teachings EssayScholars and historians of rhetoric consider the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, one of the great contributors to our present understanding of this art which, since its early origins and until present, has been a controversial field of st udy because of its association with persuasion and influence. However, readings of the many ancient and contemporary texts and analyses of the origins and the developments of this ancient art marginalized the role of the Sophists, who were the first to introduce rhetoric to Greece, and usually associated them with the bad reputation rhetoric has acquired over the years. Undoubtedly, Aristotle developed rhetoric in a more comprehensive and systemized explanation than what the Sophists offered, but an examination of how this great philosopher reached his findings, and what elements formed his theory on rhetoric points out that the Sophists, who initiated this art, deserve a re-evaluation of their role and an explanation of their unethical perspectives. In this essay, I consider the Aristotelian rhetoric to be a progression of the Sophists nascent teachings in rhetoric. Arguably, the disdained Sophists introduced a novel field of study that constituted a base for Aristotles theory. My argument is based on a chronological reading of the origins and development of rhetoric and recent studies on the Sophists and their discredited achievements almost since the great philosopher, Plato, staged his battle against them. I also regard the platonic versus sophistic approach to the definition of rhetoric, its goals and purposes, and its relation with the public as consequential factors of development of this art. Accordingly, I assume that this rivaling situation could not have existed without the sophisti... ...es concern of ethos was closely related with what he considered abuses of previous orators, including the sophists, who exaggerated the use of ethos and gave rhetoric a bad name (p. 89). However, Allen (1994) had another interpretation Aristotle infuse(d) ethos with a strong recognition of kairos the speakeradjusts his/her character to fit the moment, in order to establish a sense identification of credibility as a member of the community (p. 7).Aristotle is undo ubtedly a great philosopher whose contributions in many fields, including rhetoric, constitute a foundation of our modern education and research. However, many scholars suggested that his theory was an evolution of a preliminary sophistic rhetoric that developed through the years by a group of travelling teachers who formed this art and played a major role in reinforcing democracy in Greece.

Performing at the Globe Essay -- Shakespeare Description Place Essays

Performing at the GlobeI recently had the extreme good fortune to do a one-week residency at Shakespeares Globe in capital of the United Kingdom, rehearsing and performing in the First Quarto version of Hamlet with the University of Texas Shakespeare at Winedale Program. Our experience there, excogitateing in the subject area and watching the Globe company perform, taught us much about the staging challenges of an Elizabethan playhouse, as well as the invigorating possibilities of such a coiffure for actors and audiences. The First Quarto Hamlet project was set up by James B. Ayres, of the University of Texas at Austin, and Patrick Spottiswoode, of the Globe Education department. The Globe, which opened two years ago, was think to function both as a theatre for professional performances and as a laboratory for learning. Accordingly, Spottiswoode invited Ayres, a Texas English professor, to bring some of his students to work on the 1603 First Quarto, the earliest published versio n of Hamlet. The First Quarto, or Q1, is probably an actors memorial reconstruction of the play as adapted for performance, and its lean, fast-paced text seemed a good choice for exploring the staging possibilities of the Globe. After performing the play once at Winedale on August 15, Ayres twelve students came to London for a week of work at the Globe, culminating in a performance for an invited audience on August 31. I had been associate director of Shakespeare at Winedale for the summer, and was added to the Hamlet company in London to take on the role of the Ghost. Shakespeare at Winedale is an English department summer program, founded by Ayres twenty-eight years ago, wherein students explore Shakespeare through an intensive experience of performance. A group of studen... ...al realities for us, figured in the very architecture of the building. It was this sense of the rightness of the space, the congruity of these words and actions with this physical world, that was perhaps the most valuable lesson of our time in the Globe. I had had my doubts about the Globe ever since I saw the initial, unsatisfactory Two Gentlemen of Verona in the prologue season of 1996 the stage was too big, the atmosphere to artificial, the actors unable to look at with the physical demands of the building. Yet striding onto that stage, feeling the embrace of those galleries, hearing the ringing clarity with which the wooden O gave us back Shakespeares words (or some of them, in the slickness of Q1)--this experience convinced me of the value of the Globe, not only as a theatre but as a testing ground for our ideas about what Shakespearian performance was, and can be.

The Role of Ethnicity and Race in the Way Audiences Interpret Media Mes

The Role of Ethnicity and expedite in the Way Audiences Interpret Media MessagesAccording to the sociological definition of move and ethnicity, there is a close interrelation between race and ethnicity. Race has not been defined by the biological difference that it is stood on the social construct. Race does not discriminate the skin color from others which is related to the ethnicity. Race is defined on the social construct which based on physical and cultural features (Fulcher & Scott, 2007). Ethnicity is a general category for describing collective identities (Fulcher & Scott, 2007200). Ethnicity is based on the cultural and historical background that it means the mountain in this ethnic group is sharing the alike(p) language, religion and same experience of life. Ethnicity is the ethnic characteristic for the specific race. Ethnicities represent the role for separating the different race. In terms of race, people cleverness have the racism to the different culture of others which might base on the historical colonization, the control of the horse opera culture and so on (Fulcher& Scott, 2007). This racism also occurs in the media. The western media may intentionally neglect the people of Black or Asian. Media are more likely to use the white people as their main character. Although media has increase the number of the Black and Asian people in recent year on the screen, there is still the inequality in the media product. The Black and Asian people might totally disappear in some scene which is shot in the place with the large number of Black and Asian people (Ross & Playdon, 2001). This phenomenon provokes the offense and dissatisfaction of the Black and Asian people.Also, media may offer the wrong information for those minorit... ...rom you born to die that race is innate for everyone. In this world, everyone is equal that each person might have the same right to stay in this society. Works CitedFulcher, J. and Scott, J., (2007) Sociology 3rd ed., Oxford Oxford University PressRoss,K.,(2001) White Media, Black audience Diversity and Dissonance on British Television in Ross, K. & Playdon, P.(eds.) Black marks minority ethnic audiences and media, London AshgateDines, G. & Humez, J.M.(eds.) (2002) Gender, race, and class in media a text-reader London SageDickinson,R., Harindranath, R. & Linn. O.,(1998) Approaches to audiences a reader, London Arnold Saltzis, K.(Professor), (2010 February 23) heathen STUDIES AND THE AUDIENCE Lecture 5, University of Leicester, UKDowning, J. & Husband, C. (2005) Representing race racisms, ethnicities and media, London SAGE

summary :: essays research papers

In the article "Anxiety Challenge by Another Name," James capital of Nebraska pitmanexplains that anxiety is a very common part of our life in our society and that to defeat anxiety is to confront it and face it as we set out and learn from it instead ofbacking away. Collier uses several of his personal experiences and explainshow each helped him to overcome his anxiety. With each obstacle that he faced,he developed three basal rules for himself. Collier had a chance to go on a trip to Argentina with his roommate, Ted. Being away for two months sounds exciting but he is having a second thought, and he end up turning down the invitation. It scared him of being in a new, strange country. He regreted by not dismission through the Argentina trip, and it taught him a lesson. This lesson made him developedhis first rule "do what makes you anxious, dont do what makes you depressed."He also found out that the person he admired, Duke Ellington, still has stage fright, even though he has been performing for more than thirty years, and by knowing that, Ellington inspired Collier. After doing a couple of interviews, he noticed that he is not that scared anymore. He had benefited and discovered from the process of phychologist call "extinction." Which he had came up with his second rule "youll never eliminate anxiety by avoiding the things that caused it." Collier had put out his anxiety by confronting it in addition, Collier developed his third rule "you cant learn if you dont try." To illustrate his third rule, some years ago he had an offer to do a writing assignment that will require him to three

summary :: essays research papers

In the article "Anxiety Challenge by Another Name," jam Lincoln Collierexplains that anxiety is a very common part of our life in our society and that to defeat anxiety is to confront it and face it as we grow and learn from it instead ofbacking away. Collier uses several of his psycheal experiences and explainshow each helped him to overcome his anxiety. With each obstacle that he faced,he developed deuce-ace basic rules for himself. Collier had a chance to go on a trip to Argentina with his roommate, Ted. Being away for two months sounds exciting but he is having a second thought, and he end up turning down the invitation. It scared him of being in a new, strange country. He regreted by not going through the Argentina trip, and it taught him a lesson. This lesson made him developedhis first rule "do what makes you anxious, dont do what makes you depressed."He also found out that the person he admired, Duke Ellington, still has stage fright, eventhough he has bee n performing for more than thirty years, and by knowing that, Ellington inspired Collier. After doing a couple of interviews, he notice that he is not that scared anymore. He had benefited and discovered from the process of phychologist call "extinction." Which he had came up with his second rule "youll never eliminate anxiety by avoiding the things that caused it." Collier had put out his anxiety by confronting it in addition, Collier developed his third rule "you cant learn if you dont try." To illustrate his third rule, some years ago he had an offer to do a writing assignment that will require him to three

Review of “Peer-E-Kamil” Essay

Pir-e-Kamil (SAW) meaning The Perfect Mentor, is one of the fiction novel written by comfortably known and famous Pakistani writer Umera Ahmed. The record book was firstly make in 2005 in Urdu language and later on in 2011 the book was published in English language too. I have decided to write review on this book because I found the book an extraordinary r give the axeer by the writer Umera Ahmed. I have selected this book for review because the facts shown in the book were meaning & soul shaking. Many among us dont echo slightly these facts and coming life entirely only consider it as to have the luxuries and to relax after working hard for gathering as some(prenominal) luxuries as they empennage. The only right path starts from ALLAH and ends at his beloved last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW) but unfortunately not as many of us thinks about(predicate) it.Umera Ahmed was born on December 10, 1976 in Sialkot. Umera Ahmed completed her masters in English literature from Murr ay College,Sialkot. She began her writing c beer in 1998 with her initial stories published in monthly Urdu digests. She has written 16 books, ranging from complete novels to compilations of short stories. Her most popular book is the current book of which I am presenting the review Pir-e-Kamil (SAW). This book became identity for Umera Ahmed. Later she became an English language lecturer for the students of O and A levels at Army Public College, Sialkot. However, she left the job a few years behind in order to devote her full attention to writing. Her novels and her plays have been adapted for television. Umera Ahmed is one of the most widely-read and popular Urdu fiction novelist and screenplay writer of this era. Her stories revolves around many social, internal and spiritual issues and consists of colours of true love, friendship, suspense and tragedy. What differentiates her from others is her ambition of bringing light on certain controversial issues of modern era.Pir-e-Kam il, is our Prophet (S.A.W) someone the whole Islamic Ummah loves. The story of Pir-e-Kamil is about a girl named Imamah who went through many changes in her life because of her love for Allah and His Messenger S.A.W. Pir-e-Kamil is a story of Imamah Hashim, who belongs to a family of Qadiyanis. Qadiyanis are a group of people who choose divergence from true Islam by selling their faith and these are considered non-believers by Islamic Law and according to the Law of Pakistan too. Imamah grews up in that family but feels something to be missing in her life. She found what she was looking for in Islam. Her conversion to Islam brought some serious and difficult challenges to her life, and faced rejection and harsh behaviour of her family on becoming a Muslim.Her family planned her wedding with her cousin Asjad who was also a Qadiyani. As It isnt permissible for a Muslim woman to conjoin a non-Muslim, so she asks for her Muslim neighbors, Salars help. Salar was one of those special p eople who have 150+ IQ level and amazing memory. This book is also about the story of Salar Sikander, a very different and complicated character, who was living a sinful and worse life like the life of anyone in the world but not that of how a genuine Muslim should live. He had tried to commit suicide a few times just because he wants to feel the pain. after(prenominal) that story the book is about the hardships these characters face in life. The book tells us that Any success in this world and in the next World, is only allow for the love of Holy Prophet (SAW) and beyond that there is nothing that a person requires. Nothing.The writers expressive style does justice to the wonderful plot and by the end of the novel you cant help but at least think over the lessons and morals in the book. The novels plot, facts expressed in the novel, the scenes hence, everything was heart touching, heart shaking and perfect. It is not just an ordinary novel, but Pir-e-Kamil will let you examine your own life and see if the lives we are living are in accordance with what Allah (God) wants us to live like in this World. The story of the book is such a great one that no one can sit without admiring it. It shows the people who love Allah and His Messenger (SAW) and how people have changed by the will of Allah through other people. It is spiritual story. Im sure that there are many people who go through such phases in their lives, infact I think everyone gets a chance at least once in their lives.It also depends on who want that change. Surely, Allah listens and knows whats in our hearts. One of my favorite parts was when Salar was in a fishy area and hears the name Imamah and the way Umera draw his reaction was just superb and fabulous. Great characterization shown by Umera Ahmed in this book. Your heart totally went out for Salar even when you knew he wasnt a good guy what a great way to craft a character in the book. It is really a masterpiece of Umera Ahmed and no doubt t he book has a magic spell .Although it is totally a fiction novel but after reading this you will just think that may be Salar Sikandar exists or Imamah exists in this World. The concepts , the characters , the dialogues every single thing in book was amazing. Personally the character of Salar Sikandar left me totally mesmerized. I loved the transition of his characters the way he changed is quite interesting.Overall this book is a Masterpiece from the Author. I will surely recommend this book to all people. It is such a type of book which have everything In it and once reading it no once can be restricted from appraising the work of author. A surely recommended book to everyone. I highly recommend this book to everyone because it has got to be one of the most amazing novels ever. It is definitely worth reading.In life, at sometime or another we uprise to a point where all relationships ceasewhere there is only us and Allah. There are no parents, brother or sister, or any friend. then(prenominal) we take a shit that there is no earth under us nor is there sky above, but only Allah who is supporting us in this emptiness. Then we realise our worth it is not more than a grain of sand or the leaf of a plant. Then we realise our existence is only confined to our being. Our last makes not a whit of difference to the world around us, nor to the scheme of things. Umera Ahmed, Peer-e-Kamil

Laser Gingivectomy And Gingivoplasty Health And Social Care Essay

It is rather mutual to observe chronic inflammatory Gingival giantisms during and/or invest orthodontic interjection. Sometimes the giantisms may even potentially embroil and/or interrupt orthodontic discussion. With the debut of sonant tissue optical masers these jobs can instantly be addressed to a greater extent easy. Amongst many LASERS now available in Dentistry DIODE LASERS seem to be most ideal for orthodontic soft tissue applications. As newer interventions herald into minimally invasive techniques, DIODE LASERS argon going more promising both in tolerant satisfaction and tooth doctor satisfaction.Keywords Gingival giantism, LASERS, DIODE, Compliance.IntroductionIt is rather common to observe chronic inflammatory Gingival giantisms during and/or station orthodontic intervention. Sometimes the giantisms may even potentially complicate and/or interrupt orthodontic intervention. In malice of frequent patient role instruction and motive of the patient sing unwritten hygi ene, it s rather common to see patients developing gingival over growings because of hapless conformity and complicated orthodontic contraption designs. Conventionally surgical gingival giantisms are treated by Gingivoplasty or Gingivectomy utilizing surgical knifes & A Blades. after development of soft tissue LASERS ( Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ) patients conventional techniques are replaced by LASER Gingivoplasty & A Gingivectomy. The possible advantages of LASERS include Minimized intra operative hemorrhage, Less runing clip, Faster mending, Less postoperative hurting and puffiness, Good patient confidence and easiness for orthodontist to restart back to intervention fast1-4.This article presents instance studies of successfully treated gingival giantisms with make uping tube LASERS.Degree of gingival giantisms can be scored as5 ground floor 0 No marks of gingival giantism.Grade 1 gigantism confined to Interdental papilla.Grade 2 Giantism invol ves papilla and fringy gingival.Grade 3 Giantism covers three quarters or more of the Crown.Case 1A 19 twelvemonth sr. female patient was referred from Department of Orthodontics to Department of Periodontology after her orthodontic intervention for rectification of Gingival symmetricalness. Clinical scrutiny revealed Grade II Gingival Overgrowths in relation to Maxillary & A Mandibular front tooths. Patient as well as has important physiological melanin pigmentation of affiliated Gingiva, Marginal Gingiva and Inderdental papilla ( Figure1 ) . After appropriate patient instruction she was enrolled for form I periodontal therapy. After four hebdomads of callback there were no important alterations in the Gingival symmetricalness. Then patient was treated with Diode LASERS and Gingivoplasty and melanin depigmentation of Maxillary anterior Gingiva was performed. wager operatively patient was rather satisfied with both gingival symmetricalness and gingival coloring material ( Figur e2 ) .Case 2A 16 twelvemonth old Female was referred from Orthodontics section to Department of Periodontology during her active intervention stage for appraisal of Gingival status. Clinical scrutiny revealed talk gingival expansions along with generalised hemorrhage on examining. Orthodontist was advised to take the arch wires and molar sets. After patient was explained about her gingival status and the intervention, she was enrolled for Phase I therapy. After for hebdomads the Phase I therapy consequences were evaluated and farther determination was made to rectify the residuary Grade II gingival giantisms by Diode LASERS ( Figure 3 ) . After Diode LASER Gingivoplasty gingival architecture was reverted to normal ( Figure 4 ) . Orthodontic therapy was resumed after 2 hebdomads of equal healing.Case 3A 18 twelvemonth old female patient was referred to Periodontology section amid her Orthodontic intervention. Intra unwritten scrutiny revealed Grade II type Gingival Overgrowth in rel ation to Maxillary front tooths and 2nd bicuspids. Orthodontist was advised to take off the arch wire and patient was enrolled for Phase I periodontal therapy. After rating of stage I consequences the determination was made to rectify gingival giantisms by Diode LASERS. Gingival giantism rectification and melanin depigmentation of maxillary anterior gingival was done using Diode LASERS. Orthodontic therapy was resumed after 2 hebdomads of equal healing.DiscussionImproper unwritten hygiene leads to plaque accretions and subsequent periodontal jobs and caries6. With fixed orthodontic contraptions and patients improper unwritten hygiene patterns can compromise the orthodontic intervention outcomes7. In longterm orthodontias interventions merely a 50 % conformity rate has been noted8. Factors which can act upon conformity include patient features, intervention continuance and complexness, Dentist and patient relationship and educational and behavioural intercessions used9-13.Orthodonti sts are often challenged by soft tissue jobs associated with intervention.Most frequent challenges include gingival giantisms and gingival dissymmetry that can eject even good treated instance into 1 that falls short aesthetically. Conventional surgical gingivolplasties and gingivectomies have built-in patient related jobs like Surgical injury, station operatve hurting and puffiness, hapless patient credence etc. With the debut of soft tissue optical masers these jobs can now be addressed more easy. Amongst many LASERS now available in Dentistry DIODE LASERS seem to be most ideal for orthodontic soft tissue applications14 ( Table 1 ) .DIODE LASERS are most ideal because of built-in advantages like16Sole intent is soft tissue remotionNo hazard of harm to next tooth body structureExcellent haemostasisDry-field operationLight contact of the fiber tip with tissueProprioceptive feedbackPortabilityIncorporation of DIODE LASERS in orthodontists office besides helps to start out with oth er soft tissue jobs like17-20Aesthetic gingival recontouring,Soft tissue Crown prolongation,Exposure of soft-tissue impacted dentitionsRemoval of inflamed and hypertrophic tissue andFrenectomiesTissue remotion at the site for miniscrewDecisionWith the coming of low strength Soft tissue specific LASERS like DIODE, managing the soft tissue related ailments has become more succour and honoring. As newer interventions herald into minimally invasive techniques, DIODE LASERS are going more promising both in patient satisfaction and dentist satisfaction.

Recommendations: Project Management Essay

Obviously, the type of the organizational structure that MP used is Vertical Coordination. MP is a movie&record industry, so its ingathering is relatively simple. Vertical Coordination is the most basic and ubiquitous way to harmonize the efforts of individuals, units, or divisions is to designate a boss with formal authority. In this structuredepartments just focus on their core tasks, workers who have the same specialty are get together and calculate to be more efficient. However, the MPs that being typecast as solely a music or black production company would find the industrys opportunities and would leave the company vulnerable should the entertainment market shift. In order to achieve the companys goal of product diversification, MP needs to change its organizational structure.Matrix Structure will be adjust to MPs development because this form is common in the product diversification. At other production companies, executives generally had portfolios of considers which they personally developed. At MP, executives shared responsibilities on projects, often going to meetings for one another and consulting with each other. Therefore, although each project was the principal responsibility of a given executive, a number of executives might be working on the same project at the same time. Although this improvement avoids the inconvenience to communication of each department effectively, But at the same time, it also causes the confusion of management and division of unbalance. So my recommendation is as make up Unless getting the agreement from the meeting, the executives of each department are just focus on their cases.

The Media’s Effect on Women’s Body Image

The Medias Effect on Womens Body Image September 1, 2010 While women have made significant strides in the past decades, the gardening at large continues to place a great emphasis on how women look. These beauty standards, largely proliferated through the media, have drastic impacts on young women and their automobile trunk images. Arielle Cutler 11, through a Levitt grant, spent the summer evaluating the efficacy of media literacy programs as a remedy to this vicious cycle. Put simply, the beauty ideal in American nicety is thin. Large populations of average girls do not demonstrate clinic anyy diagnosable eating dis markspathologies that the culture marks as extreme and unhealthybut kind of an entirely normative obsession with body shape and size, Cutler said. This ongoing concern is accepted as a completely normal and even inevitable startle of being a modern girl. I think we need to change that. Any single who is familiar with American culture knows that many of these cultur al standards are established in the media. We are constantly surrounded by all sorts of media and we construct our identities in part through media images we see, Cutler remarked.And the more girls are exposed to thin-ideal kinds of media, the more they are dissatisfy with their bodies and with themselves boilers suit. The correlation between media image and body image has been proven in one study, among European American and African American girls ages 7 12, greater overall television exposure predicted both a thinner ideal adult body shape and a higher level of disordered eating one year later. Adolescent girls are the most strongly affected demographic More and more 12-year-old girls are going on diets because they believe what you weigh determines your worth, Cutler observed. When all you see is a body type that only two percent of the population has, its difficult to remember whats real and whats sightly to expect of yourself and everyone else. As women have become increa singly aware of the effect of media on their body images, they have started media literacy programs to make women and girls more aware of the messages they are unwittingly consuming. Media literacy programs promote an understanding of the effect media has on individual consumers and society at large.These programs aim to reveal the ideologies and messages embedded in the media images that we encounter on a cursory basis, Cutler said. Advertising, she asserts, draws on peoples insecurities to convince them to buy a product, and few populations are as insecure overall as adolescent girlswhich is why media literacy programs are so important for them. In programs such as that designed by national organization Girls, Inc. , girls learn how to look behind the scenes and messages that advertisements are producing in order to reconcile their own bodies with the view of perfection presented by the media.The programs already in place have been found to be very effective College-age women ha ve been the main focus, but 10-11 year-old girls are the most important target so that they can have these critical processes going on before internalizations of messages have really started, Cutler explained. But what sorts of standards do the media portray for women who are not white and not upper class, and how does this affect the body images of women in these groups? This question, Cutler has found, is one that is not always well addressed in the scholarly material she has read. I realized at some point in my research that I had been ecumenicizing the experience of a particular set of girls privileged by their race and, even more so, socioeconomic background. It did not help that this blind-spot was reflected back to me in some of my research, Cutler said. While she asserts that certain standards of beauty are universal throughout the country and across all demographics, Cutler believes that media literacy programs should take racial and socioeconomic backgrounds more into c onsideration.Different groups have different issues and concerns, she said. For example, overeating is a real issue as an eating disorder, especially for lower-class women. How does this fact change the womens relationship to the beauty ideal? Cutler is reading studies about the body image problem among women in the U. S. as well as evaluations of media literacy programs. She recommends greater sensitivity to the concerns of non-white, non-upper-class groups in order to increase the effectiveness of media literacy programs.

Education system essay Essay

From the articles I have read, it seems as though parents, instructors, and the education system continue to blame angiotensin-converting enzyme another for poor student performance in school and on state tests. However, I suppose that each of these groups plays a key role in student success or failure. School administration and board members seem to be completely oblivious to the real reasons students perform poorly and parents lack involvment in their childrens schooling and education at home.I do believe that income does play a key role in education, however, I dont agree with it. Schools in low income neighborhoods dont recieve the decent funding to provide students with the materials they need to be successful in school, but the students dont score high enough on state tests to earn the school money for these materials its a lose lose situation (Barbanel, 2002). For these issues, I believe the lack of government involvment and recognition is the cause of student failure.Desp ite all these factors, students should also be held accountable for being successful in school. Even if schools recieve proper funding, materials, and training, it is ultimately up to the student to stay motivated to succeed. From personal experience, I found that it was much easier to stay motivated in classes that I felt intermeshed in. The classes that teachers made a connection with me in and really knew their stuff were always the classes I had a higher success rate in. I think teacher involvement is a huge deal in school, it makes a student want to go to school, and feel like they belong rather than just pass because they have to.Recently, Maine and fourty-four other states have adopted the new Common Core standards that will make academic standards even higher for kids in grades K-12 (Gallagher, 2013). The purpose of these standards is to augment critical thinking skills and teach students to solve problems on their own. Common Core is designed to allow teachers to be faci litators and students to take responsiblity for their own education. However, as positive and ecouraging as Common Core sounds, experts say that a drop as high as 40% will be seen in the new testing in 2015 (Gallagher, 2013).____________________________________________________________BARBANEL, J. (2002, March 31). Elementary and Middle School Report Cards. Retrieved from The New York Times http//ethemes.pearsoncmg.com/0205405940/article_06/index.htmlGhallagher, N. K. (2013, July 7). Back-to-school means facing tougher academic standards this fall The Kennebec Journal, Augusta, ME. Retrieved from http//www.kjonline.com/news/test-scores-likely-to-drop-under-new-standards_2013-07-20.html

EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERNET ADVERTISING Essay

Web announce first appe ared in 1994. Eleven days later, in 2005, U.S. companies fatigued $12.5 billion advertising online. No longer is that the irrational m unmatchedy of venture-backed start-ups with dubious business models according to Nielsen/NetRatings, 25% of all display ads in 2005 promoted Fortune 500 companies. Advertisers already spent double the amount online that they spent in 2005 on billboards and other step to the foredoor advertising and roughly half of what they spent respectively on magazine and radio advertising. And after brief market contraction in 2001 and 2002, the online ad industry has been growing 30+% from then.Yet, despite this fast mainstream of online advertising, m whatever advertisers still are non observing a range of established tactics and strategies understood to substantially improve the effectiveness of online ad entreats. In some cases, this is because advertisers are bran-new enough to the internet to remain behind on the breeding cur ve.In other cases, many advertisers take away viewed the Internet as a source of cheap advertising and therefore do not invest sufficiently in experimentation and research to identify for themselves the tactics that spiel best.Somemultiplication advertisers are pennywise and pound the foolish in not running betray effectiveness studies and using the bust-through rate to measure the success of a patsy campaign, said Yaakov Kimelfeld, director of business intelligence and Beyond Interactive. Brian Eakin, Associate Media Director at Freestyle Interactive, concurs While many clients will say that there is value in learning, the clients most in need of actionable research and most connected to a cost-per-sale measure of success, and many of them simply would not allocate the investment that does not mean immediately contri besidese to product sales. The scrap of planners is to extract the strategic insight from active campaigns without forcing their clients to choose between sales and learnings.Online advertising remains new and fast evolving. But after a decade, it hasbeen around long enough for several best practices to emerge. It is actually a major trend in new-fangled years is a shift towards generating incremental page impressions. The result is online ad prices are going up, and it may no longer be as a cheap advertising medium. It remains, however, and effective one. As such, it is more than important than ever for advertisers to master the tactics that produce the best results for their campaigns. Here are some practices that jakes optimize the web designing effectiveness.1. Adopt a Disciplined Framework for Managing CampaignsThe most successful online advertisers adhere to a disciplined process. They set clear campaign objectives. They build measurement, targeting and optimization into the campaign process. And they carefully assess the final results to identify what practices could improve the advertisers next campaign.If you ask any publisher, theyll tell you that the permeate between response range to ads put forward range from 0.02% to 2%, said Ted Ryan, vice president of sales at NationalGeographic.com. Thats a hundredfold difference. Thats what the opportunity is online. Getting best practices right from online ad campaigns isnt about a 10% improvement in results. Its about a multiple or a hundred fold improvement. You cant afford not to be online. For all that money advertisers invested on TV on brand campaigns, they can get knocked out of water in five minutes on internet by a competitor who does it that much better than they do.2. command Reach and FrequencyVery little will have as dramatic an effect on the success of advertiser campaigns as managing reach and frequency. Whether a campaigns objectives are more geared towards brand development or direct response, in almost all cases it is in the advertisers best interest to maximize the number of people who see the campaign (reach) at an optimal number of expo sures to the ad per person (frequency). all(prenominal) too often, however, when advertisers donot manage their online campaigns closely for this, the result is that a relatively small number of people will see the ads at a tremendously high frequency, wasting many impressions of the campaign.Reach and frequency have a proportional relationship. Each ad impression in campaign is essayn all to someone who has not yet seen the campaign, thereby expanding its reach, or to someone who has, increasing the campaigns average frequency. The optimal frequency the ideal number of times consumers should be exposed to the campaigns online ads is ambiguous. Little research exists on the subject, and results will vary according to the product, campaign objectives and other factors. That said, conventional wisdom is that the optimal frequency for most campaigns is around 4-7 ad exposures, and much beyond that, results hit a point of diminishing returns for both brand and direct response obje ctives.The challenge for marketers, therefore, is to reach effectively that third of the audience generating only 6% of all pages, while avoiding having heavy users to consume ad impressions at disproportionately high frequencies.The body-build above illustrates the challenge. It graphs a campaign where 37% of the audience sees only one exposure of the ad, 17% sees it twice, 10% sees it thrice, and the distribution gradually diminishes so that only 1% sees the ad 10 times. But then something remarkable happens 13% of the exposed audience sees the ad 11 times or more. By the time someone has seen an online ad 11 times, the odds that further exposure will improve the persons opinion of the brand, or likelihood to click on the ad, are low. In other words, 40% of the impressions in this campaign represent money largely wasted.3. Manage Reach and Frequency through Strategic Media PlacementThe hypercritical question then is, How does one control frequency to maximize reach? One way is t o set a frequency cap with the publishers or advertisers ad server, using cookies to prevent readers from seeing an ad more than a designated number of times. For a variety of reasons, however,capping frequency via ad servers can be more difficult in practice than in theory.A more efficient way to control frequency can be through strategic media debaseing tactics. Back in 2002, the research firm then known as Jupiter Media Metrix demonstrated that an ad campaign of four cardinal impressions could reach an audience at least a third larger when spread evenly over three large sites as opposed to concentrating the analogous-sized buy on a single site. The key implication was that a broader media buy across several sites was a more efficient way to optimize reach, and take hold frequency, than by concentrating the same number of impressions in fewer sites.The Figure above shown is known as a build chart, showing the varying rates at which audiences accumulate to their monthly total o n different types websites. The comScore data show that the audiences for website services and portals scale very quickly roughly 80% of the monthly accumulated audience to those sites had already visited by the seventh day of the month. At real estate sites, meanwhile, only 35% of the monthly audience had visited within the same one-week period.Sites whose audiences build quickly are likely to attract visitors who come back often, meaning advertisers risk burning through a lot of ad impressions at high frequency levels if their ad buys are too concentrated on these types of sites. Sites that are not as sticky with flatter build curves may have altogether smaller audiences, but campaigns directed towards them will naturally be distributed more evenly across all visitors.The best system, therefore, is not to avoid any type of site, but to spread campaigns over multiple sites in order to most efficiently distribute campaign reach at a begin average frequency.4. Use Rich Media and V ideo Ad FormatsRich media ads are significantly more effective at engaging users than are standard GIF or JPG image ad formats. These rich media ads are typicallyformatted in Flash or enhanced-Flash (i.e., specialty rich media ad platforms like DART Motif), with features such as the ability to expand outside of standard ad dimensions, to float across the top of web pages, or to play video clips.Analysis of DART ad-serving logs show that more interactive and prominent rich media units have far higher click rates than standard image ads.The above showing Figure indicates that ads formatted as expandable or in-page units using DART Motifs rich media platform had more than double the click-rate of image ads, while interstitials (ads, typically large in size, that appears on pages in between two content pages during a users surfing session) had more than 10-times the click rate. Motif floating and pop-up ads had close to 50-times the click rates of image ads.To persuade consumers positiv ely towards brand attributes, rich media and formats (particularly video) are considerably more effective than the image ad formats. Campaigns served in the platforms of peculiarity rich media ad providers at least 50% more effective at improving purchase intent than were GIF/JPG image ads(relative to control groups who saw prevalent service announcements), according again to data drawn from Dynamic Logics Market Norms, a pool of hundreds of brand research studies.5. Target Audiences With prehend Creative TreatmentsAnother challenge for online ad campaigns is that many agencies have one team, or even one subsidiary company, doing the creative design of ads, and another buy placements on media properties. There may be advantages to this kind of division of labour, including concentrating fields of expertise and cost efficiencies. But the trade-off is that the creative is not always ideally suited for the audiences that see it and the environment where they see it. Closing that ga p and better aligning creative executions to the right audiences and environments can have a dramatic stir on campaign effectiveness.As you would think, the clients who come on our site and talk about exotic travel, outdoors and environmental issues, and have the creative to go with that, their results can go through the roof, said Mr. Ryan of NationalGeographic.com.Dolby Laboratories, working with the agency Freestyle Interactive, ran a rich media campaign with us, Mr. Ryan continued. I looked at the insertion order and said, Dolby? Okay great, lets get the business, but I wasnt sure what they wanted with National Geographics audience. Then I saw the creative, two interactive ads, one with an electrical storm, and another morphed from the jungle scene to an ocean with the slider bar that changed the sound. The response rates were huge because the ads theme was highly relevant to our audience. The campaign metrics, shared by Dolby and Freestyle Interactive, shown by Mr. Ryan was ta lking about, as seen in the Figure below.RESEARCH DESIGNResearch DesignThe objective of the study is to go steady the Effectiveness of Internet Advertising.Research DesignCase based research designData collecting MethodSecondary DataSources of Data CollectionThere are two sources on which data can be imperturbable via primary source and unessential. The data which are prepared from the main pattern and researcher or owner it is called primary source and the collected from this source is called primary data. The data which is collected from the persons, private bodies, private research agencies etc are called secondary source and thedata collected is from both primary and secondary type. The following are the data from which have been collected from both the sources.Secondary Data is collected through internet, magazines, newspaper and published sources at the various companies.SAMPLINGSamplingSampling is a most important part of the data collection. It is a apparatus that trie s to matches the data according to the criteria. The sample methods is used specially in the context of data segregation researcher in the field of market research scientific investigation and other fields study where it requires a deep estate selection investigation and other fields study where it requires a deep ground selection of variables. So, sampling is a relevant answer to the accurate and most appropriate selection.JUDGEMENT SAMPLINGThe judgment sampling is a kind of non-probability sampling where the researchers select the samples from according to its judgment. The criteria have been fixed previously before taking into consideration of the samples. The judgment sampling is one of the most important parts carrying out in any project work.SAMPLING METHODIn this project study, the method adopted for the sampling purpose is the judgment sampling method.SAMPLING coatIf the sample is too small, it cant represent the population and outcome will be far more reality. Large samp les provide good result, but if sample is too large, it become difficult to handle and also expensive, but in this project samples are taken those involve in web advertising sector.DATA ANALYSISWe identify processes that underlie curiosity resolution and study its impact on consumer motivation and learning. The dataset from our simulated Internet experiment includes process tracking variables (i.e., click stream data from ad-embedded links), traditional attitude and behavioural intention measures, and open-ended protocols.We find that an advertising strategy increases interest and learning relative to a strategy that provides detailed product information. Furthermore, it seems to improve the quality of search substantially (i.e., time spent and attention devoted to specific information), resulting in better and more focused memory and comprehension of new product information.To enhance the effectiveness of Internet advertising of new products, we recommend a curiosity advertising s trategy based on four elements (1) Curiosity generation by highlighting a gap in extant knowledge, (2) The presence of a hint to contain elaboration for curiosity resolution, (3) Sufficient time to try and resolve curiosity as well as the assurance of curiosity- resolving information, (4) The use of measures of consumer elaboration and learning to gauge advertising effectiveness.

The Blue Sword CHAPTER FIVE

Corlath was on the scope at once, c all tolding orders that sent ample-ro get by figures scurrying in all directions. Harry sit al wizard on the big bay horse, who s similarlyd quite still to her tired and befuddled gaze there were dozens of camp tear downs and hundreds of people. Men came fore from the m out(a)hs of tents and out from shadows, to make their bows to their king to felicitate him on the success of his venture? Harry ruling. Was it successful? Some were sent at once on errands, some faded abide into the calamitousness from which they had emerged. The 2 men who had ridden with the king dismounted also, and stood a flyspeck behind him as he imageed h adeptst about his camp. Harry didnt move. She didnt quite believe that they had arrived and besides, where was it they were? She didnt feel that she had arrived or didnt want to. She legal opinion wist adequatey of her despised bed cold away in the abidance, and of fat dull busybody Annie. She needinessed she were folk, and she was so tired she wasnt sure where home was.When Corlath sour back to her she woke up enough to slither down from the horses tall back before he tried to help her this time she did no fancy sliding, just now off to face the horses shoulder, and kept her expires on the saddle till her feet touched the ground. It was a considerable way down. She was sure it had gotten long-run since the last time she dismounted. Fireheart stood as patiently as the fourposter pony as she leaned against him, and she patted him absently, as she business leader contri exclusivelye patted her own horse, and his nose came round to touch her fore limb. She sighed, and thought of Jack Dedham, who would give an arm to crusade a Hill horse, still once. Perhaps it didnt count if you were riding double with a Hillman.Harry had her back toward Faran and Innath as they led the horses away. Faran said, That was a longer ride than I enjoy, at my age, and Innath replied laughing Indeed , Grandfather, you had to be tied to your saddle with your long white beard.Faran, who was a grandfather several times over, lonesome(prenominal) constructi one(a)d forward to being a kings Rider for m all years yet, and wore his dark-grey beard short, grinned and said Yes, I long for a featherbed and a plump young fille who will ad louse up an elderly warrior for his scars and his stories. His eye slid round, and he wagered straight at Harry for the first time since Corlath had carried her, a obscure-wrapped bundle lying so bonelessly muted in his arms that it was difficult to believe it contained any involvement human, to the shadow where cardinal men and three horses awaited him. precisely Harry was frowning at her dirty feet and did non notice.The Outlander girl, Faran said slowly, with the air of an honest man who will be just at any cost. I did not complete the Outlanders taught their children such pride. She has done herself honor on this ride.Innath considered. To do yourself honor is high praise from a Hillman but as he thought of the last devil days, he had to agree. He was almost a generation younger than his fellow Rider, however, and had viewed their adventure differently. Do you know, I was most worried that she might weep? I cant bear a woman weeping.Faran chuckled. If I had known that, I would shed advised our king strongly to choose an opposite Rider. Not that it would have mattered much, I commend she would simply have had the sleep laid on her again. He pulled a tent flap aside, and they and the horses disappeared from Harrys sight. She had recognized the Hill word for Outlander, and wondered dejectedly what Corlaths companions, who had so pointedly snub her during their journey together, were evidenceing. She wiggled her grubby toes in the sand.She looked up and noticed that she was standing wholly a fewer feet from the what does one call it on a tent? door implied hinges and a frame front of the grandest tent of al l. It was white, with two wide black stripes across its peak from opposite directions, meeting and crossing at the center, and extending to the ground bid black ribbons. A black-and-white banner flew from the crossed center, the tallest point in the camp, as the tent was the biggest. Go in, said Corlath at her side again they will take care of you. I will join you presently.As she approached, a man held aside the golden silk rec unravel that served the great tent for a door. He stood to attention with as much dignity as if she were a welcome guest, and perhaps a queen in her own country. This amused her, with a go astray thought that the Hill-king hold backmed to have his followers well schooled, and she smiled at him as she went inside and was gratified by the startled look that crossed his face when she managed to catch his eye. At least(prenominal) they arent all inscrutable, she thought. One of Dedhams subalterns might have looked like that.It was also comforting to have suc ceeded at last in catching someones eye.What she did not know was that the honor guard at the door, who stood to attention because he was an honor guard and it would have been beneath him to be less than courteous to anyone who had the kings grace to enter the kings tent, was saying to himself She walks and smiles at me as if she were a grand lady in her own home, not a prisoner of of He stumbled here, since neither he nor anyone else knew exactly wherefore she had been made a prisoner, or an involuntary guest, or whatever it was that she was, except that it was the kings will. And this by and by a journey that made even old Faran, who was not mannequin at all but iron, look a little weary. This was a story he would tell his friends when he was off duty.Inside Harry looked nigh her with awe. If the camp from the outside was white and grey and dun-colored, as dull but for the black-and-white banner flying from the kings tent as the sand and scrub or so it and brightened only b y the robes and sashes some of the men wore, inside this tent she was sure it was Corlaths own there was a blaze of color. Tapestries hung on the walls, and mingled with them were gold and p rotaryrty chains, filigree balls and rods, bright enameled medallions some of them big enough to be shields. Thick soft rugs were scattered on the floor three or four deep, severally of them gorgeous enough to lie at the foot of a throne and over them were scattered dozens of cushions. There were carved and inlaid boxes of scented red wood, and bone-colored wood, and black wood the largest of these were pushed against the walls. Lanterns hung on short chains from the four carved ribs that crossed the high white ceiling to meet at the center peak, preceding(prenominal) which the banner flew outside, and below which a slender jointed pillar ran from floor to ceiling. Like pillars stood at separately of the four watersheds of the tent, and four more braced the ribs at their centers and fr om each pillar a short arm extended which held in its carven cupped hand another lantern. All were lit, toileting the riot of deep color, shape, and cereal in a golden glow which owed energy to the slowly streng soing morning ignite outside.She was staring up at the peak of the roof and olfaction impressed at the smooth structure of the tent her own knowledge of tents was limited to stories of the Homelander military variety, which involved ropes and canvas and much swearing, and leaks when it rained when a elegant commotion behind her brought her back again to her presence in a Hill camp. She turned around, nervously, but not so nervously as she might have for there was a graciousness and well, humanity, perhaps, if she tried to think of a word for it to the big white-walled room that set her at ease, even against her own better judgment. quaternity white-robed men had entered the tent. They brought with them, carrying it by handles set round the rim, an enormous silv er basin bath-sized, she thought. It had a broad base and sides that flared gently. The metal was worked in some fashion, but the high tramp it of the lantern light over the patterns prevented her from deciding what the designs might be.The men set the great basin down at one end of the tent, and turned to leave, one after the other and each, as he passed her standing uncertainly near the center, bowed to her. She was made uneasy by the courtesy, and had to stop herself from taking a step or two backward. She stood with her arms at her sides, but her men, invisible in the long full sleeves of her battered dressing-gown, closed slowly into fists.As the four men passed in front of her on their way out, several more were coming in, with silver urns on their shoulders and the urns, she found when the carriers emptied them into the silver bath it had to be a bath were full of steaming water. No drop was spilled and each man bowed to her as he left. She wondered how many of them there were engaged in water-carrying there were never more than a few in the tent at once, yet as soon as one urn was empty the man behind was there to rain buckets from another.It took only a few soft-footed minutes, the only sound that of the water courseing into the basin, for it to be full and the stream of men stopped likewise. She was alone a moment, watching the surface of the water glint as the last ripples grew still and she apothegm that some of the design on the bath was simply the presence of hinges, and she laughed. This was a traveling camp, after all. Then four men entered together and ranged themselves in a line like horse-herders, she thought, presented with an animal whose temper is uncertain and looked at her and she looked at them. She quite an thought these were the four who had brought the bath in to grow with but she wasnt sure. What she did notice was something else, something that hadnt quite registered while the steady shuffle of men and urns had gone ch ivalric that each of these men had a little white mark that looked like a scar on his forehead, in the center of the brow, above the eyeball.She wondered about this and then she wondered about what looked like towels lying over the shoulders of three of the men and then the fourth one came toward her with a motion so swift and polite, and somehow unthreatening, that he slipped the Hill cloak off her shoulders and folded it over his arm before she reacted. She spun around then and backed away a step and was almost certain that the look on this mans face was surprise. He laid the cloak down really gently on a wooden chest, and motioned toward the bath.She was grateful that at least he didnt bow to her again, which probably would have made her leap like a startled rab oddball. It wasnt, she thought, that the gesture held any unpleasant servility. barely it felt like an reading that she was somehow in command of the situation or ought to be. The lack of servility was therefore alarm ing, because these men were too capable of observing that she didnt feel in the least as if she were in command.They looked at one another a moment longer. She thought then incredulously Surely theyre not expecting to give me a bath? and noticed with the sides of her eyes that the other three men were standing behind the bath now, and one of the towels when unfolded was revealed as a robe, with a braided gold electric cord at the waist.The man directly in front of her, who had removed her cloak, reached out and laid his hands on the belt of her dressing-gown, and she suddenly found that she was angry. The last two days had been one indignity after another, however politely each had been offered and to preserve what self-respect she could and what courage she had preferred not to think about them too closely. But that she wasnt even to be allowed to bathe without a guard that she should be expected to submit tamely to the ministrations of four men men like a like a Her imagi nation chose to fail her here, far from home, with the terror of the unknown, and of the captured, only barely kept at bay. She threw off the mans polite fingers with as much violence as she could and said furiously No Thank you, but no. There are enough of them, for Gods sake, to stand me on my head if they want to force the issue, she thought. But I am not going to cooperate.There was a ripple of golden silk at the sound of her voice, and a new shadow appeared in the lantern light. Corlath, who had been hovering just outside to come across how his Outlander was going to behave, entered the tent. He spoke two or three words and the men left at once each bowing, first to her and then to their king. A corner of Harrys mind, which refused to be oppressed by the dreadfulness of the situation, noticed that the bows were of equal depth and duration and the same mental corner had the impertinence to think this odd.There was another little silence after the four men had left, only this ti me it was the king she was facing down. But she was too angry to care. If she said anything she would say too much, and she hadnt quite forgotten that she was at the mercy of str crossnesss, so she bit her tongue and glowered. Why was this all happening? The bit of her mind which had commented about the equality of bows presently observed that anger was preferable to fear, so the anger was encouraged to carry on.Evidently Corlath had already had his bath his black cop was wet, and even his sun-brown skin was a few shades lighter. He was wearing a long golden robe, stiff with elegant stitching, open at the front to show a loose cream-colored garment that fell almost to his sandaled feet. In her own country she would have been inclined to call it a nightshirt downstairs an odd disunite of dressing-gown although nobody ever wore a scarlet cummerbund over ones nightshirt but it looked very formal here. She mustnt forget to glower or she might feel awed. And then, inevitably, afra id. She recognized the quality of his silence when at last he spoke the same tint she had had when she first spoke to him, at the lilliputian bivouacking between the arms of a sand dune, that he chose and arranged his words very carefully.Do you not wish to bathe, then? It is a long ride we had. He was thinking, So I have managed to offend her immediately. It is done differently where she comes from she cant know and must not be able to cipher but how could she guess? that in the Hills it is only the men and women of the highest rank that may be waited on by house servants of both sexes. I feared but for what good? We know nothing of each others customs, and my household men have only done as they ought treated the kings Outlander with the greatest honor.Harry in her turn had unbent moderately at the we. It was friendlier than the accusatory you shed been expecting. She hadnt unbent so far, though, as to prevent herself from saying coldly, I am attached to bathe alone.Ah. Yes. I dont suppose I should mire myself with involved explanations at this point? She doesnt look to be in the mood for them. He said, These are men of my household. It was to do you courtesy.She glanced away and felt her anger begin to ebb and so she was unprepared when he took a sudden stride forward as she dropped her eyes. He grabbed her chin and forced it up, turning her face to the light and staring down at her as if amazed. Her staccato reversion to instauration as an object to be bundled about, turned this way and that at anothers will, made the anger boil up again at once and her eyes glittered back at him without a trace of fear.He was staring into those eyes, as the light play full across them, and thinking, Thats why. I dont understand it, but this must be why the first step to why. He had just caught a glimpse, a suspicion, when she turned her head, the way the light fell, and he had put his hand out before he thought. Her eyes, under his gaze, shimmered grey to g reen with bubbles of amber that flickered like lightning in the depths and floated up to break like stars on the surface bottomless eyes, that a man or beast fool enough to look at long would fall into and drown. He knew he was one of the very few who need have no fear that she did not know. She met his eyes too clearly there was nothing in her eyes but simple and forthright fury and he couldnt blame her for that. He wondered if shed learned by accident not to focus her anger, or whether people she hated had a habit of falling downstairs or choking on fishbones or if perhaps she had never hated. One doesnt generally look into mirrors when one is especially angry one has better things to do, like pace the floor, or throw things. Perhaps no one had ever noticed, or been in a position to notice. And the thought came to him vaguely, for no particular reason, that she couldnt ever have been in love. If she had ever turned the full intensity of her kelar-brilliant eyes on any average mortal, they would both have had a shock and she would never again have had the innocence to meet anyones eyes as she now met his.He dropped his hand from her chin and turned away. He looked a little ashamed, she thought and he said, Forgive me, as if he meant it. But he looked more thoughtful than anything else, and, she realise with surprise, relieved, as if he had made or had made for him some important decision. What can be wrong with my face? she thought. Has my nose turned green? It has endlessly been crooked, but it never astonished anybody before.He offered her no explanation for his behavior, but after a moments silence he said, You will have your bath alone, as you wish, glanced at her again as if to be sure she was real, and left her.She wrapped her arms around herself and shivered and then thought, Very well, I do want a bath, the waters cooling off, and how long is a bath expected to take before someone else comes trotting in?She took the fastest bath of her life, a nd was bright red with scrubbing but quite clean when she tumbled out again, dried off, and slithered into the white robe left for her. The sleeves came to her elbows, and the hem nearly to her ankles. There were long loose trousers to go underneath, but so full as to seem almost a skirt, and they rippled and clung as she moved. The c visual modalityhing all was made from something adequately opaque, but when she had tied the golden rope around her middle she still felt rather embarrassingly unclad Homelander garb for its women involved many more layers. She looked at her dusty dressing-gown, but was antipathetical to put it back on and she was still hesitating over this as she dried her hair on the second towel and tried to part the tangle with her fingers, when Corlath returned, carrying a dark red robe very much like his golden one and a comb. The handle of it was wide and awkward in her hand, but it had familiar teeth, and that was all that counted.While she watched through he r wet hair, the bath was half-emptied as it had been filled, and the rest carried out still in the silver basin. The four men at its handles walked so smoothly the water never offered to slop up the sides. Then there was a pause and one of the men of the household or so she supposed the forehead mark indicated entered carrying a mirror in a leather frame and knelt before her on one knee, propped the mirror on the other, and canted it back till she could see her face in it. She looked down, bemused the mans eyes were on the floor. Did household servants of the Hills all take lessons in tipping mirrors to just the right angle, coitus to the height and posture of the person to be served? Perhaps it was a specialty, known only to a few and those few, of course, would be preserved for the royal household. She parted her hair gravely and shook it back over her shoulders, where it fell heavily past her hips. The deep red of her robe was very handsome the shadows it cast were as velv ety as rose petals. Thank you, she said in Hill-speech, hoping that she remembered the right phrase and the man stood up, bowed again, and went away.Meanwhile a long table was being erected under the peak of the tent, next to the central pillar. It consisted of many square sections, with a leg at each corner of each square, set next to each other in a long single row she wondered how they managed to stand so level on the whimsical layers of carpet. Corlath was pacing up and down the end of the tent opposite her, head bent and hands behind him. Plates were arranged on the table each setting, she aphorism, was given a plate, one of the curious flat- paradiddleed spoons, two roll of different sizes, and a tall mug. The table was very low, and there were no chairs some of the cushions scattered all over the tent were gathered up and heaped around it. Then large bowls of bread and harvest-tide and she thought cheese were brought in, and the lamp that hung from the wooden rib over t he table was lowered till it hung only a few feet from the plentiful nutriment. It was just a little above her eye level as she stood watching. The lanterns that hung from the ceiling beams were suspended on fine chains which were committed to slender ropes looped around a row of what looked very much like belaying-pins on a ship lined up against one wall.Corlath had stopped pacing, and his eyes followed the lowering of the lamp but the expression on his face said that his thoughts were elsewhere. Harry watched him covertly, ready to look away if he should remember her and as the lamp was fixed in its new position she saw him return to himself with a snap. He walked a few steps forward to stand at one end of the long table then he looked around for her. She was not in a good position for judging such things, but she felt that he recalled her existence to his mind with something of an effort, as a man will recall an unpleasant duty. She let him catch her eye, and he gestured that sh e should take her place at his left hand. At that moment the golden silk door was lifted again, and another group of men filed in. She recognized two of them they were the men who had ridden with Corlath to assist at her removal. She was a little impress that she should recognize them so easily, since what she had mostly seen of them was the backs of their heads when they averted their faces, or the tops of their heads or hoods when they stared at the ground. But recognize them she did, and felt no fear about staring at them full-face now, for they showed no more inclination than they ever had for looking back at her.There were eighteen men all told, plus Corlath and herself and she was sure she could have recognized them as a group, as belonging together and rebound together by ties as strong as blood or friendship, even if they had been scattered in a crowd of several hundred. They had an wittingness of each other so complete as to be instinctive. She knew something of the wor king of this sort of camaraderie from watching Dedham and some of his men but here, with this group of fantasticalrs, she could read it as easily as if it were printed on a page before her and their silence for none bothered with the kind of greeting Harry was accustomed to, any Hill version of hello and how are you made it only more plain to her. kinda than finding their unity frightening, and herself all alone and outside, she found it comforting that her presence should so little disturb them. That instinctive awareness seemed to wrap around her too, and abide her an outsider, an Outlander and a woman, and yet here she was and that was that.She sat when everyone else sat, and as bowls and plates were passed she found that hers were filled and returned to her without her having to do anything but accept what was given her. Knives appeared, from up sleeves and under sashes and down boot tops, and Corlath produced an extra one from somewhere and gave it to her. She felt the ed ge delicately with one finger, and found it very keen and was faintly flattered that the prisoner should be allowed so sharp an instrument. No doubt because any one of these men could take it away from me at my first sign of rebellion, without even interrupting their chewing, she thought. She began to peel the yellow-skinned fruit on her plate, as the man opposite her was doing. It seemed years since she had faced Sir Charles across the breakfast table.She didnt notice when the conversation began it proceeded too easily to have had anything so abrupt as a beginning, and she was preoccupied with how to manage her food. From the tone of their voices, these men were reporting to their king, and the substance of the reports was discussed as a matter of importance all around the table. She dumb no word of it, for yes and no and please and good are almost impossible to pick out when talk is in full spate, but it was a language she found pleasant to listen to, with a variety of sounds and syllables that she thought would well lend themselves to any mood or mode of expression.Her mind began to order after a little time. She was exhausted after the long ride, but the tension of her position I will not say that I am utterly terrified served admirably to keep her awake and uneasily conscious of all that went on around her. She wondered if any of these men would give it away by look or gesture if the conversation turned to the Outlander in their midst.But after a bath, and clean clothes, even these odd ones, and good food, for the food was very good, and even the company, for their companionship seemed to hold her up like something tangible, her mind insisted on relaxing. But that relaxation was a mixed blessing at best, because as the tension eased even a little, her thoughts unerringly reverted to trying to puzzle out why she was where she found herself.Something to do with that abortive meeting at the Residency, between the Hillfolk and the Outlanders, presumably. But why? Why me? If I could be stolen from my bed or my window-seat then they could steal somebody from some other bed and Sir Charles seems a lot more likely as a political figure. She repressed a grin. Though a very unlikely figure for riding across a saddlebow. There had to be a better reason than that of physical bulk for the choice of herself over whoever else was available. She had been spirited out of her own house, with the doors locked and the dogs out, and Sir Charles and Lady Amelia asleep only a few steps away. It was as if Corlath or his minions could walk through walls and if they could walk through the Residency walls and over the Residency dogs, probably they could walk through any other walls at least Homelander walls that they chose. It was uncanny. She remembered that Dedham, whose judgment she trusted above all others at the station, and who knew more than any other Homelander about his adopted country, believed in the uncanniness of certain of the Hillfo lks tactics. Which brought her back to square one of this game Why her? Why Harry Crewe, the Residencys charity case, who had only been in this country at all for a few months?There was one obvious answer, but she discarded it as soon as it arose. It was too silly, and she was convinced that, whatever failings Corlath and his men might be capable of, silliness wasnt one of them. And Corlath didnt look at her the way a man looks at a woman he plans to have share his bed and his interest would have to be very powerful indeed for him to have gone to so much trouble to steal her. He looked at her rather as a man looks at a problem that he would very much prefer to do without. She supposed it was distinction of a sort to be a harassment to a king.She also swiftly, almost instinctively, discarded the idea that her Homelanders would mount any successful expedition to find her and bring her home again. The Hillfolk knew their desert the Homelanders did not. And the Residency charity case w ould not warrant extraordinary efforts. She thought wryly If Jack guesses where I am, hell think I dont need rescuing but poor Dick hell manage to convince himself that its his fault, he brought me out here in the first place She blinked hastily, and bit her lips. Her crossed legs were asleep, and the small of her back hurt. She was accustomed to sitting in chairs. She began surreptitiously to thump her thighs with her fists till they began to tingle painfully to life again then she began on her calves. By the time she could feel when she wiggled her toes, the unrecorded stiff feeling around her eyes had ebbed and she could stop blinking.The men of the household entered the royal tent again, and cleared the table. The bread and fruit were replaced by bowls of something dark and slightly shiny. When she was offered a bit of it she discovered it to be sticky and crunchy and very sweet, and by the time she had eaten most of her generous serving, and what remained was adhering to her face and fingers, she noticed that a bowl of water and a fresh napkin had been placed at each persons elbow. There was a momentary lull while everyone sighed and stretched and Corlath said a few words to the men of the household, which caused one of them to leave the tent and the other three still present to go around the walls extinguishing the lanterns, all except the one lamp that hung low over the table. The heavy woven walls shone in the daylight so the inside was palely lit and the lamp over the table burned like a small sun, casting half-shadows in the quiet corners of the glowing white walls and in the hollows of eyes. None spoke.Then the man returned, carrying a dark leather home bound with brass in the shape of a drinking-horn. A thong hung from its neck and base, and this the man had looped over his shoulder. He offered it first to Corlath, who gestured to the man at his right. The man of the household handed it gravely to him, bowed, and left there were none in the ten t now but those twenty who sat round the table.The first man drank one swallow she could see him letting it slide slowly down his throat. He balanced the bag on the table and stared at the burning lamp. After a moment an expression passed over his face that was so clear Harry felt she should recognize it immediately but she did not. She was shaken both by its posture and by her own failure to read it and then it was gone. The man looked down, smiled, shook his head, said a few words, and passed the horn to the man sitting on his right. to each one man took one mouthful, swallowed it slowly, and stared at the lamp. Some of them spoke and some did not. One man, with skin sunburned as dark as cinnamon but for a pale scar on his jaw, spoke for a minute or two, and words of surprise broke from several of his audience. They all looked to Corlath, but he sat silent and inscrutable, chin in hand and so the drinking-horn was passed on to the next.One man Harry remembered in particular he w as shorter than most of the company, while his shoulders were very broad and his hands large. His hair was grizzled and his expression grim his face was heavily lined, but whether with age or experience or both she could not guess. He sat near the foot of the table on the side opposite her. He drank, stared at the light, spoke no word, and passed the horn to the man on his right. All the others, even the ones who said nothing, showed something in their faces something, Harry thought, that was transparent to any who had eyes to see beyond some strong sensation, whether of sight or feeling she could not even guess this much. But this man remained impassive, as opaque as skin and blood and bone can be. One could see his eyes move, and his chest heave as he breathed there was no clue for further speculation. She wondered what his name was, and if he ever smiled.As the leather bag rounded the bottom of the table and started up the other side, and Harry could no longer see the faces of the drinkers, she dropped her eyes to her hands and complimented herself on how quietly they lay, the fingers easy, not absorbing each other or whitening their knuckles around her mug. The mug was still half full of a pale liquid, slightly honey-sweet but without (she thought she could by now conclude) the dangers of the gentle-tasting mead it reminded her of. She moved one finger experimentally, tapped it against the mug, moved it back, rearranged her hands as a lady might her knitting, and waited.She was aware when the drinking-horn reached the man on her left, and was aware of the slight shudder that ran through him just before he spoke but she kept her eyes down and waited for Corlath to reach across her and take the postponement horn. This was not something an Outlander would be expected to join in and just as well. Whatever the stuff was, watching the mens faces when they drank made her feel a little shaky.And so she was much surprised when one of Corlaths hands entered he r range of vision and touched the back of one of her hands with the forefinger. She looked up.Take a sip, he said. She reached out stiffly and took the brass-bound bag from the man who held it, keeping her eyes only on the bag itself. It was warm from all the hands that had held it, and up close she could see the complexity of the twisted brass fittings. It carried a slight odor with it faintly pungent, obscurely encouraging. She took a deep breath. Only a sip, said Corlaths voice.The weight of the thing kept her hands from trembling. She tipped her head back and took the tiniest of tastes a few drops only. She swallowed. It was curious, the vividness of the flavor, but nothing she could put a name to She saw a broad plain, green and yellow and brown with tall grasses, and mountains at the edge of it, casting long shadows. The mountains started up abruptly, like trees, from the flatness of the plain they looked steep and hard and, with sun behind them, they were almost black. Direc tly in front of her there was a small snap in those mountains, little more than a truncated pause in the march of the mountains sharp crests, and it was high above the floor of the plain. Up the side of the mountain, already near the summit, was a bright moving ribbon.Horsemen, no more than forty of them, riding as quickly as they could over the rough stony track, the horses with their heads low and thrown forward, watching their feet, swinging with their strides, the riders straining to look ahead, as though fearing they might come too late. Behind the riders were men on foot, bows slung slantwise over their backs, crossed by quivers of arrows there were perhaps cardinal of them, and they followed the horses, with strides as long as theirs. Beside them were long brown moving glints, supple as water, that slid from light to shade too quickly to be identified four-footed, they looked to be dogs perhaps. The sunlight bounced off sword hilts, and the metal bindings of leather arms a nd harness, and shields of many shapes, and the silver strings of bows.The far sides of the mountains were less steep, but no less forbidding. illogical foothills extended a long way, into the hazy distance a little parched grass or a few stunted trees grew where they could. Below the gap in the mountains by any other path but through the valley would be impossible, at least for horses. The gap was one that a small determined force would be able to defend for a time.The bright ribbon of horsemen and archers collected in the small flat space behind the gap, and became a pool. Here there was a little irregular plateau, with shallow crevasses, wide enough for small campsites, leading into the rocky shoulders on either side, and with a long low overhanging shelf to one side that was almost a cave. The plateau narrowed to a gap barely the width of two horsemen abreast, where the mountain peaks move close together, just before it spilled into the scrub-covered valley, and the rock-stre wn descending slopes beyond.The horsemen paused and some dismounted some rode to the edge and looked out. At the far edge of the foothills something glittered, too dark for grass, too sharply peaked for water. When it spilled into the foothills it became apparent for what it was an regular army. This army rode less swiftly than had the small band now arranging themselves in and around the pass, but their urgency was less. The sheer numbers of them were all the tactics they needed.But the little army waiting for them organized itself as seriously as if it had a chance of succeeding in what it set out to do and perhaps some delay of the immense force opposing it was all that it required. The dust beyond the foothills winked and flashed as rank after rank approached the mountains and then time began to turn and dip crazily, and she saw the leader of the little force plunging down into the valley with a company behind him, and he drew a sword that flashed blue in his hand. His horse w as a tall chestnut, fair as daylight, and his men swept down the hill behind him. She could not see the archers, but she saw a hail of arrows like rain sweeping from the low trees on either side of the gap. The first company of the other army leaped eagerly toward them, and a man on a white horse as tall as the chestnut and with red ribbons twisted into its long tail met the blue sword with one that gleamed gold and Harry found herself back in the tent, her throat hoarse as if from shouting standing up, with a equalize of strong hands clamped on her shoulders and she realized that without their support she would sag to her knees. The fierce shining of the swords was still in her eyes. She blinked and shook her head, and realized she was staring at the lamp so she turned her head and looked up at Corlath, who was looking down at her with something she noticed with a shock like pity in his face. She could think of nothing to say she shook her head again, as if to shake out of it a ll she had just seen but it stayed where it was.There was a silence, of a moment, or perhaps of half a year. She breathed once or twice the air felt unnaturally harsh on her dry throat. She began to feel the pile of carpets pressing against her feet, and Corlaths hands slackened their grip. They stood, the two of them, king and captive, facing one another, and all the men at the table looked on. I am sorry, Corlath said at last. I did not think it would take you with such strength.She swallowed with some difficulty the lovely wild flavor of the mad drink she had just tasted lingered in the corners of her mouth, and in the corners of her mind. What is it?Corlath made some slight gesture of denigration or of ignorance. The drink we call it Meeldtar Seeing water supply, or Water of Sight.Then all that I saw I really saw it. I didnt imagine it.Imagine it? Do you mean did you see what was true? I do not know. One learns, eventually, usually to know, to be able to say if the seeings are to be believed or are imagined. But imagined as you mean it no. The Water sends these things, or brings them.There was a pause again, but nobody relaxed, least of all herself. There was more to it than this, than a simple simple? hallucination. She looked at Corlath, frowning. What else? she said, as calmly as if she were asking her doom.Corlath said, There is something else, as if he were putting it off. He hesitated, and then spoke a few words in a language she did not recognize. It wasnt the usual Darian she heard the natives around the Residency speak, or the slightly more careful tongue that Dedham and Mr. Peterson used nor did it sound like the differently accented tongue the Hillfolk spoke, which was still recognizable to those who were fluent in Darian. This was a rougher, more powerful language to listen to, although many of the sounds strange to her Homelander ears were common with the Darian she was accustomed to. She looked at Corlath, puzzled, as he spoke a l ittle further. She knew nothing of this language.It is not familiar to you? Corlath said at last and when she shook her head, he said, No, of course not, how could it be? He turned around. We might sit down again, and sat down with great deliberateness. She sat down too, waiting. The look she had seen before on his face, that of a man facing a problem he would far rather avoid, had returned, but it had changed. Now his look said that he understood what the problem was, and it was much more serious than he had suspected.There are two things, he said. The Water of Sight does not work so on everyone. Most people it merely makes ill. To a few it gives headaches headaches accompanied by strange colors and queer movements that make them dizzy. There are very few who see clearly we nineteen, here tonight, all of us have drunk the Water of Sight many times. But even for us, most of us see only a brief abrupt picture sometimes the scene lasts so little time it is hard to recognize. Often i t is of something familiar ones father, ones wife, ones horse. There is a quality to these pictures, or memories, that is like nothing else, like no voluntary entrepot you might call up yourself. But often that is all.Occasionally one of the people of our Hills sees more. I am one. You have just proven yourself another. I do not know why you saw what you did. You told us something of what you saw as you were seeing it. You may have seen a battle of the past or one that never happened or one that may yet happen it may occur in Damar, or in some other country.She heard may yet happen as if those three words were the doom she had asked for and she remembered the angry brilliance of the yellow-eyed Hill-king as he stood before the Residency far away. But she said, troubled, just now realizing she spoke aloud I am not even of your Hills. I was born and bred far away at Home. I have been here only a few months. I know nothing of this place.Nothing? said Corlath. I said there were two things. I have told you the first. You told us what you saw as you saw it. But this is the second thing you spoke in the Old Tongue, what we call the Language of the Gods, that none knows any more but kings and sorcerers, and those they wish to teach it to. The language I just spoke to you, that you did not recognize I was repeating the words you had said yourself, a moment before.

Metabolism and Word Niacin

When you hear the word nicotinic acid, what does it mean to you? What about Vitamin B3? You may suffer seen them on the back of cereal boxes, energy drinks or even in your daily multivitamin. Well they argon in fact one in the same. However vitamin B3 comes in two different forms, nicotinic acid or nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, date nicotinamide is a vitamin it does not bind the same practical rehearses as Niacin. ,,,, Today I am going to tell you a little about the history, biological uses, sources and the consequences of an o.d. or inadequateness in Niacin.As a Biology major I think it is vital to stress the richness of getting the suggested daily dose of Niacin. But first lets discuss the history of Niacin. ,,,,, fit in to vitamin-basics. com, the structure of Niacin was first described by the Austrian chemist, Hugo Weidel in 1873 at the Vienna University of Technology, while studying the reaction of nicotine with nitric acid. Although the product of this reaction, Nia cin, was already k in a flashn Weidel was the first to person to isolate gigantic enough quantities to determine the properties of the material. ,,,, In 1937 a Norwegian emigrant living in Wisconsin by the induce of Conrad Elvehjem, extracted and identified a molecule found in the liver as a new vitamin now called niacin. He referred to this vitamin as the pellagra-preventing factor. His isolation of this vitamin directly lead to the cure of pellagra, a disease I will discuss a little later. Now because of nicotinic acids new found importance it was though appropriate to come up with a new name. ,,,,, The name, as shown here, comes from combining specific letter in nicotinic acid and vitamin.Muscular System Muscle MetabolismNow that weve covered some history, Id like to chance upon a look at some of the uses of Niacin. ,,,,, Niacin along with other B vitamins help our bodies metabolize fats and protein, as well as maintain healthy skin, eyes, hair and liver. They also help the nervous frame function properly. ,,,,, Niacin is the precursor to NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH which are essential electron carriers involved in several metabolic pathways including glycolysis and the Citric acid cycle. ,,,,, As you may remember from your high school biota courses, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain are responsible for creating ATP which is our remainss main energy source. Niacin also plays an important role in DNA enliven as well as steroidal hormone production from the adrenal glands. ,,,,,, As a prescription, Niacin is prescribed in quantities ranging from 500mg to 5000mg. Niacin is nearly habitually used to treat high cholesterol and it does so by lowering your LDL or bad cholesterol and increasing your HDL or not bad(predicate) cholesterol.Because Niacin reduces your LDL and increases your HDL it also helps prevent atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries when coupled with other medication. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, Niacin is also being tested for the possible treatment and/or prevention of diabetes types one and two as well as for osteoarthritis and Alzheimers disease. High doses of Niacin can have its drawbacks so it is crucial to speak to your doctor if at all interested in exploring these avenues of treatment.Now that we have an idea as to what Niacin can do, you may be asking what are some common sources of Niacin? ,,,,, Well, Niacin can be found in a wide variety of foods including liver, chicken, fish, milk, eggs, nuts, whole grain products and mushrooms among others. But food is not the only source of Niacin. ,,,,, Many multivitamins have Niacin including centrum, which contains 100 percent of the suggest daily value or 20mg. ,,,,, But, probably the most common source of Niacin amongst todays youth is energy drinks, including red bull and 5 hour energy.In fact 5 hour energy has between 30 to 40mg of Niacin, which is way more than the comely person requires. ,,, ,, The suggest daily value of Niacin as per the united states department of agriculture is as follows children 6 to 8 mg per day, for adult males 16mg per day, adult females 14 mg per day, pregnant women 18 mg per day and breastfeeding women 17 mg per day. Now that we know how much Niacin we should be getting daily, lets look at what happens when we get too much or not enough. ,,,,,, Niacin sluice shore is a distinct redness of the skin caused by the overconsumption of Niacin.This skin flush is often accompanied by itching, dry skin and skin rashes including eczema. Niacin flush typically lasts 15 to 30 minutes as Niacin is water soluble and is thus easily removed from the body through urine. However, not everyone who overdoes on Niacin will experience these symptoms at all. Niacin flush can be minimized or avoided completely by pickings 300mg of aspirin, approximately one tablet, half an hour before taking Niacin, taking one tablet of ibuprofen per day or by taking the Niacin wit h a meal. ,,,,,, On the other hand a chronic lack of Niacin can result in mayidism.The most common reasons for this Niacin deficiency are dietary or the result of another disorder, such as Hartnups disease which is a hereditary disease that affects the intestines and kidneys, making it difficult for the body to break down and absorb tryptophan, the amino acid required for Niacin synthesis. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid convey it must be ingested it cannot be produced within the body. Pellagra is a disease that was first described in Spain in 1937. Characteristically the victims of Pellagra suffer from what is known as the four Ds which are diarrhea, dermatitis or skin lesions, dementia and death.As previously mentioned the isolation of nicotinic acid in 1937 lead to the eradication of Pellagra in the following years in the form of oral niacin supplements. There are free some future applications of Niacin in the medical field that have not been fully explored. In the past several minutes you have listened to me talk about the history, some sources of Niacin, how we as people use Niacin on a daily bases as well as the consequences of a Niacin overdose or deficiency. I really hope you learned something new from all of this and maybe the next date you see your doctor you can discuss how Niacin can best help you.